References

Every source cited across the site, in order of first appearance.

Numbers correspond to the superscript marks throughout Home, Curriculum, and Why the Mother. Where a source is cited more than once, it keeps the same number everywhere it appears.

A note on instruments

The GAD-7 was developed by Drs. Robert L. Spitzer, Janet B.W. Williams, Kurt Kroenke and colleagues, with an educational grant from Pfizer Inc. No permission is required to reproduce, translate, display, or distribute it.

The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5) was developed by the National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and is in the public domain.

1
Roozen HG, de Waart R, van der Kroft P. Community Reinforcement and Family Training. Addiction. 2010;105(10):1729-1738.
Used on: Home (67% CRAFT stat), Curriculum, Why the Mother
2
Orford J, Copello A, Velleman R, Templeton L. Family members affected by a close relative's addiction: the stress-strain-coping-support model. Drugs: Educ Prev Policy. 2010;17(s1):36-43; Orford J, et al. Soc Sci Med. 2013;78:70-77.
Used on: Curriculum, Why the Mother
3
Flückiger C, Del Re AC, Wampold BE, Horvath AO. The alliance in adult psychotherapy: a meta-analytic synthesis. Psychotherapy. 2018;55(4):316-340; Howard KI, Kopta SM, Krause MS, Orlinsky DE. The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy. Am Psychol. 1986;41(2):159-164.
Used on: Curriculum
4
Löwe B, Unutzer J, Callahan CM, Perkins AJ, Kroenke K. Monitoring depression treatment outcomes with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Med Care. 2004;42(12):1194-1201.
Used on: Curriculum
5
Miller SD, Duncan BL, Brown J, Sparks JA, Claud DA. The Outcome Rating Scale. J Brief Ther. 2003;2(2):91-100; Duncan BL, Miller SD, Sparks JA, et al. The Session Rating Scale. J Brief Ther. 2003;3(1):3-12.
Used on: Curriculum
6
Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Cogn Ther Res. 2012;36(5):427-440; Linehan MM. Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. Guilford Press, 1993.
Used on: Curriculum
7
Gratz KL, Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation (DERS). J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2004;26(1):41-54.
Used on: Curriculum
8
Weathers FW, Litz BT, Keane TM, Palmieri PA, Marx BP, Schnurr PP. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). National Center for PTSD, 2013; Bovin MJ, et al. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(11):1379-1391.
Used on: Curriculum
9
Boss P. Ambiguous Loss. Harvard University Press, 1999; Boss P. Fam Relat. 2007;56(2):105-111; Doka KJ (ed.). Disenfranchised Grief, 1989.
Used on: Curriculum
10
Neff KD. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self Identity. 2003;2(3):223-250.
Used on: Curriculum
11
Prigerson HG, Maciejewski PK, Reynolds CF, et al. Inventory of Complicated Grief. Psychiatry Res. 1995;59(1-2):65-79.
Used on: Curriculum
12
Pargament KI, Smith BW, Koenig HG, Perez L. Patterns of positive and negative religious coping with major life stressors. J Sci Study Relig. 1998;37(4):710-724.
Used on: Curriculum
13
Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. J Trauma Stress. 1996;9(3):455-471; Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Pers Assess. 1988;52(1):30-41.
Used on: Curriculum
14
Herman JL. Trauma and Recovery. New York: Basic Books, 1992. The tri-phasic model of safety and stabilization, remembrance and mourning, and reconnection.
Used on: Curriculum (tri-phasic framing)
15
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. SAMHSA's Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach. HHS Publication No. SMA 14-4884. Rockville, MD: SAMHSA, 2014.
Used on: Curriculum
16
Shapiro F. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures. 3rd ed. Guilford Press, 2018; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder, 2023; International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention and Treatment Guidelines, 2019.
Used on: Curriculum
17
Carr A. Family therapy and systemic interventions for child-focused problems and for adult-focused problems: the current evidence base. J Fam Ther. 2019;41(2):153-213 and 41(4):492-536.
Used on: Curriculum
18
Beck R, Fernandez E. Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: a meta-analysis. Cogn Ther Res. 1998;22(1):63-74; DiGiuseppe R, Tafrate RC. Anger treatment for adults: a meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2003;10(1):70-84.
Used on: Curriculum
19
Wade NG, Hoyt WT, Kidwell JEM, Worthington EL Jr. Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions to promote forgiveness: a meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(1):154-170.
Used on: Curriculum
20
Captari LE, Hook JN, Hoyt W, Davis DE, McElroy-Heltzel SE, Worthington EL Jr. Integrating clients' religion and spirituality within psychotherapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol. 2018;74(11):1938-1951.
Used on: Curriculum
21
van der Kolk BA, Stone L, West J, Rhodes A, Emerson D, Suvak M, Spinazzola J. Yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014;75(6):e559-e565; Cramer H, et al. Yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Trauma. 2018.
Used on: Curriculum
22
Schouten KA, de Niet GJ, Knipscheer JW, Kleber RJ, Hutschemaekers GJM. The effectiveness of art therapy in the treatment of traumatized adults: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2015;16(2):220-228; systematic review and meta-analysis of music therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder, Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1).
Used on: Curriculum
23
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2024 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2025.
Used on: Why the Mother
24
National Center for Health Statistics, CDC. Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 2003-2023, 2024.
Used on: Why the Mother
25
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2023.
Used on: Why the Mother
26
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, WISQARS Leading Causes of Death, 2023.
Used on: Why the Mother
27
Weissman MM, Pilowsky DJ, Wickramaratne PJ, Talati A, Wisniewski SR, Fava M, Hughes CW, Garber J, Malloy E, King CA, Cerda G, Sood AB, Alpert JE, Trivedi MH, Rush AJ; STAR*D-Child Team. Remissions in maternal depression and child psychopathology: a STAR*D-Child report. JAMA. 2006;295(12):1389-1398.
Used on: Why the Mother